Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Hung Sa Lee

17 Articles

Factors Affecting Family Caregivers' Burden and Depression in Home-based Long-Term Care Service under the Long-Term Care Insurance System: Hung Sa Lee, Chun Mi Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(4):530-538. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.4.530

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PURPOSE
This study tried to identify changes in family burden after the introduction of the long-term care insurance and to examine the factors influencing subjective and objective caring burden and depression of family caregivers of elders receiving home-based long-term care.
METHODS
Data were collected from 203 family caregivers of elders from August 1 to 31, 2015 using questionnaires. They were analyzed in descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA test, and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
The mean score of depression was 7.24, which suggested mild depression level. The subjective family burden was 2.71 and the objective burden 3.04. The factors affecting depression included subjective burden (t=5.08, p < .001), objective burden (t=2.80, p=.006), time of elderly care per day (t=âˆ’3.61, p < .001), caregiving duration (t=3.33, p=.001), age (t=3.13, p=.002), family relationship (t=2.48, p=.014), and economic status (t=1.99, p=.047).
CONCLUSION
The family burden was most important influencing factor on caregiver's depression. Therefore, services and supports to alleviate caregivers' burden in the home-based care should be added to long-term care.

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The moderating effect of care time on care-related characteristics and caregiver burden: differences between formal and informal caregivers of dependent older adults
Eunmi Oh, SeolHwa Moon, Daum Chung, Rina Choi, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Working Conditions Affecting Home Care Workers’ Stress and Turnover Intention
Samsik Lee, Gyeongrim Oh
Journal of Applied Gerontology.2023; 42(4): 717. CrossRef
Relationship between filial obligation and caregiver depression among adult children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Yuqin Pan, Ruyi Chen, Dongliang Yang
Nursing Open.2023; 10(6): 3474. CrossRef

The Death Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Poor Older Women in Rural Areas: The Moderating Effect of Social Support: Seung Joo Lim, Young Ko, Chun Mi Kim, Hung Sa Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2017;28(4):440-449. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.4.440

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the moderate effect of social support on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive symptoms among poor older women in rural areas.
METHODS
This was a secondary analysis of the data from 209 women who were participated in the intervention study to evaluate the effectiveness of depression prevention program. Data were collected between April and September 2012. The data were analyzed using moderate multiple regressions.
RESULTS
Among these poor older women, depressive symptoms were associated with death anxiety and social support. Self-esteem support had a moderating effect on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that the self-esteem support was effective in decreasing depressive symptoms and death anxiety in poor older women. In order to reduce their depression and make positive changes in their lives, self-esteem improvement programs are needed.

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The influence of tai chi on the death anxiety of elderly people living alone: the chain mediating effect of social support and psychological capital
Jiali Zhou, Baoyuan Wu, Lining Su, Xiujie Ma
Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Death anxiety, self‐esteem, and health‐related quality of life among geriatric caregivers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Xia Zhao, Weihua Zhang, Yonggang Su, Yanping Song, Huaxin Si, Lifeng Zhu
Psychogeriatrics.2022; 22(2): 236. CrossRef
Death Depression Among Older Adults: A Concept Analysis Utilizing An Evolutionary Approach
Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh, Rebecca H. Lehto, Leila Mardanian Dehkordi, Mohammad Ali Cheraghi, Shahzad Pashaeipour
Research and Theory for Nursing Practice.2022; 36(3): 265. CrossRef
Cohort profile: Korean Urban Rural Elderly (KURE) study, a prospective cohort on ageing and health in Korea
Namki Hong, Kwang-Joon Kim, Su Jin Lee, Chang Oh Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Yumie Rhee, Yoosik Youm, Jin-Young Choi, Hyun-Young Park
BMJ Open.2019; 9(10): e031018. CrossRef

Prevalence and Related Factors of Clonorchiasis among Five Major Riverside Residents in South Korea: Chun Mi Kim, Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Soon Park, Hung Sa Lee, Ji Yeon Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2016;27(4):346-357. Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.4.346

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PURPOSE
This study attempted to investigate the prevalence and related factors of Clonorchiasis among five major riverside residents in South Korea.
METHODS
This study is descriptive research, nationwide survey, and the subjects are 23,492 residents selected by convenience sampling. Data collection was conducted between March 1 and June 30, 2011, and stool collection and questionnaire survey were conducted by affiliated public health centers in 38 cities and Gun's.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates of Clonorchiasis in the five major riversides were as follows: the Guem River 15.2%; the Nakdong River 11.9%; the Seomjin River 10.9%; the Han River 5.7%; and the Yeongsan River 3.9%. The prevalence rates were shown to be significantly high among people who had highly frequent experiences of eating and cooking freshwater raw fish, were diagnosed with liver and/or biliary tract diseases, and drank less than once a month.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that it is necessary to improve awareness of Clonorchiasis and provide intensive public health education for the riverside residents. And the target groups should be set up by reflecting the characteristics of at-risk groups, and it is necessary to prepare customized strategies for prevention and management of Clonorchiasis.

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The spatial-temporal risk profiling of Clonorchis sinensis infection over 50 years implies the effectiveness of control programs in South Korea: a geostatistical modeling study
Hai-Yan Xiao, Jong-Yil Chai, Yue-Yi Fang, Ying-Si Lai
The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific.2023; 33: 100697. CrossRef
Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
Sun Huh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437. CrossRef

Life Stress and Coping Style for Stress of Vietnamese Married Immigrant Women: Chun Mi Kim, Hung Sa Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2016;27(2):173-182. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.2.173

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted to survey female Vietnamese marriage immigrants' life stress and to analyze factors influencing their life stress and coping strategies.
METHODS
As descriptive correlation research, this study conducted a survey with 182 conveniently sampled subjects. Data were collected in June, 2015, and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression.
RESULTS
The subjects' life stress levels were above average, and significantly varied according to their health, and economic status. Stress coping strategies used by the subjects included assistance seeking, problem avoidance, wishful thinking, problem solving, and emotional alleviation in the order of frequency. As a result of the stepwise multiple regression, economic level, economic activity, and health status were found to be the most significant factors influencing the subjects' life stress, and these variables explained 45.1% of the variation in life stress.
CONCLUSION
Female marriage immigrants were experiencing above-average life stress, and they were coping with it mainly in terms of assistance seeking or problem avoidance. In order to mitigate their stress, therefore, it is necessary to provide extended employment opportunities and economic activities for them so that they can cultivate their abilities in health management.

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A Scoping Review of the Health of East and Southeast Asian Female Marriage Migrants
Zhiyuan Yu, Barbara Bowers, Brenda S. A. Yeoh
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health.2020; 22(1): 182. CrossRef

Analyzing Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Vietnamese Married Immigrant Women in Korea: Hung Sa Lee, Chun Mi Kim, Myung Sook Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015;26(3):268-277. Published online September 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.3.268

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyze factors influencing the quality of life in Vietnamese married immigrant women in Korea. The factors included socio-demographic characteristics, spouse's support, and social support of Vietnamese married immigrant women.
METHODS
A descriptive survey was conducted to collect data from 190 subjects during the period between May and June, 2015. The randomly sampled subjects answered a self-report questionnaire translated into Vietnamese. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.
RESULTS
The subjects' quality of life was found to be influenced by economic level, subjective perception of their own and spouse's health, Korean communication ability, spouse's support, and social support. The most influential factor for the quality of life was spouse's support, and next, subjective perception of their own health, Korean communication ability, and economic level in order of influence.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that social support programs should be customized to the subjects' characteristics in order for married immigrant women to adjust themselves to new Korean environments and to lead a high-qualitylife through the promotion of marital relationship, Korean communication ability, health status, and economic capability.

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Motherhood Ideology and Parenting Stress according to Parenting Behavior Patterns of Married Immigrant Women with Young Children
So-Hyun Moon, Miok Kim, Hyeun Na
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(4): 449. CrossRef
The Relationship among Family Support, Self-efficacy, Health Literacy, Perceived Health Status and Health-promoting Behavior in Married Immigrant Women
Cho-hee Kang, Young Ran Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(3): 202. CrossRef

The Effects of a Positive Psychology Improvement Program on Elders' Depression and Death Anxiety: Seung Joo Lim, Hung Sa Lee, Chun Mi Kim, Young Go; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015;26(3):238-247. Published online September 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.3.238

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a positive psychology improvement program on elders' depression and death anxiety.
METHODS
This was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were community elders aged over 65 recruited by convenient sampling. A total of 94 elders (32 in the individual experimental group, 32 in the collective experimental group, and 30 in the control group) participated. Data were collected between April and September, 2012 and analyzed by using SPSS/WIN 21.
RESULTS
The individual and group approach experimental groups had significantly lower scores of depression than the control group after the treatment (F=7.50, p=.001). For death anxiety, however, only the individual experimental group had a significantly lower score compared to the control group (F=4.56, p=.013).
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that the positive psychology improvement program was effective in decreasing depression and death anxiety in the elderly. Therefore, the program needs to be applied in a customized way fittingly to the characteristics of the elderly in community, and individually and/or collectively according to its purposes.

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Impact study on the Livelihood and Health Program at Workability Skills Training Foundation, Inc.
Sevillia S Felicen, Leonila M Adarlo
International Journal of Research Studies in Management.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Aging and Positive Psychology
Ray Marks
Journal of Aging Research and Healthcare.2021; 4(1): 43. CrossRef
Effects of Positive Psychology-Based Program for the Depressed Pregnant Women
Hyeon Hee Shin, Yeong Hee Shin
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2021; 25(2): 109. CrossRef
Influence of Positive Psychological Capital and Death Awareness on Terminal Care Performance of Hematooncology Unit Nurses
Seo Yeon Jung, Jeong Hye Kim
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2019; 22(2): 77. CrossRef
The Death Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Poor Older Women in Rural Areas: The Moderating Effect of Social Support
Seung Joo Lim, Young Ko, Chunmi Kim, Hung Sa Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(4): 440. CrossRef

A Study on Fecal Incontinence and Depression of Rural Women: Chun Mi Kim, Hung Sa Lee, Eun Man Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2014;25(3):198-206. Published online September 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2014.25.3.198

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to identify the prevalence and influencing factors of fecal incontinence, and to analyze the association between fecal incontinence and depression.
METHODS
The subjects of this study were 233 women living in rural areas, and data were collected using questionnaires from February 24 to May 30, 2012. Fecal incontinence was measured with the Continence Grading Score, and depression with the Geriatric Depression Scale. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS through chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANOVA.
RESULTS
Of the subjects, 16.7% had fecal incontinence. The prevalence of fecal incontinence was higher in older women (chi2=23.55, p<.001), those with vaginal delivery (chi2=4.81, p=.049), those with parity of 4 or more (chi2=13.47, p=.003), and those with urinary incontinence (chi2=26.36, p<.001). The level of depression was significantly higher in older women (F=19.27, p<.001), those with low academic qualification (F=18.17, p<.001), those with urinary incontinence (F=4.15, p=.043), and those with fecal incontinence (F=14.90, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that there should be supports by public health care for fecal incontinence prevention and care programs in order to promote the physical and emotional health of rural women.

Effects of a Cognition Activation Program for the Institutionalized Old-Old in Korea: Hung Sa Lee, Dohyun Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(4):427-437. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.4.427

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted to test effects of a cognition activation program on ADL, cognitive functions, depression, and QOL in the institutionalized elderly.
METHODS
The subjects were 40 elders who were admitted to a nursing home, with 20 of them in the experimental group and the other 20 in the control group. Data were collected from September 1 to December 17, 2012. The experimental group participated in a 12 week intervention program. ADL, cognitive functions, depression, and QOL were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by t-test and regression analysis of the SPSS and AMOS programs.
RESULTS
ADL (t=2.468, p=.017), depression (t=-2.625, p=012), and QOL (t=2.428, p=.020) were more significantly improved in the experimental group than in the control group, but there were no statistical differences in cognitive function between the two groups. Cognitive functions had positive effects on ADL (CR=-2.263, p=.024) and depression affected QOL (CR=-7.248, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The intervention program had positive effects on ADL, depression, and QOL except cognition. Cognitive functions of elders dramatically decrease after age 85, and it takes too much time to improve it. Therefore the program for the improvement of cognitive functions should be provided as early as possible.

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The Effects of a Positive Psychology Improvement Program on Elders' Depression and Death Anxiety
Seung Joo Lim, Hung Sa Lee, Chunmi Kim, Young Go
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2015; 26(3): 238. CrossRef

A Study on Urinary Incontinence Related Health Problems in Women above Middle Age in Rural Areas and Their Coping with the Problems: Chun Mi Kim, Hung Sa Lee, Eun Man Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(3):368-376. Published online September 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.3.368

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the current urinary incontinence states in women above middle age dwelling in rural areas and their coping with the problems.
METHODS
The participants were 261 women above middle age. Data were collected from February to May, 2012 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 20 program.
RESULTS
The frequency of urinary incontinence in women above middle age was 45.4%. There were significant differences in urinary incontinence due to age, education, job status, frequency of delivery, and menstrual status. And, there were significant relations among urinary symptoms, difficulty of ADL, incontinence stress and depression. Frequently used coping-methods with urinary incontinence were washing frequently in order to avoid awful smell, paying attention to perineal cleaning, and going to restroom frequently.
CONCLUSION
Community nurses who are in charge of primary health care ought to assess urinary incontinence and develop a urinary incontinence program that includes psychological and social factors.

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Experience of Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Women in Urban Areas
Min Ryu, Haeyun Shin, Miseon Bang, Suhye Kwon
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(3): 213. CrossRef
Long-Term Effects of a Self-management Program for Older Women With Urinary Incontinence in Rural Korea
Aeyoung So, Jennie C. De Gagne, Sunah Park
Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing.2019; 46(1): 55. CrossRef
Effects of Leg Strength Exercise on Muscle Strength, Flexibility and Symptoms of Urinary Incontinence of Elderly Women
Nam Young Yang, Yong Kwon Yoo, Min Sun Song
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(4): 417. CrossRef
Urinary incontinence in women in relation to occupational status
Yoonjung Kim, Yeunhee Kwak
Women & Health.2017; 57(1): 1. CrossRef
Self-management Experiences of Older Korean Women With Urinary Incontinence
Sunah Park, SoonGyo Yeoum, Yoonjung Kim, Hye Jin Kwon
Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing.2017; 44(6): 572. CrossRef
The Effect of a Workshop on a Urinary Incontinence Self-Management Teaching Program for Community Health Nurses
Aeyoung So, Jennie C. De Gagne, Sunah Park, Young-Oak Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2015; 26(3): 260. CrossRef
A Urinary Incontinence Continuing Education Online Course for Community Health Nurses in South Korea
Jennie C. De Gagne, Sunah Park, Aeyoung So, Bei Wu, Mary H. Palmer, Eleanor S. McConnell
The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing.2015; 46(4): 171. CrossRef
The Development of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Medical Devices for The Treatment of Non-implantable Urinary Incontinence
Jae-Yong Lee, Chang-Doo Lee, Ki-Jin Kwon
The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P.2015; 64(3): 175. CrossRef

Effects of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) on Depression and Quality of Life among Community-dwelling Korean Elderly Persons: Hung Sa Lee, Chun Mi Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2012;23(3):338-346. Published online September 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.0000/jkachn.2012.23.3.338

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between oral health impact profile, depression and quality of life among community-dwelling elderly persons in South Korea.
METHODS
The design of this research was cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants were 266 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older. Data were collected from November 20 to December 20, 2011. The measurements for assessing the subjects' oral health, depression, quality of life were OHIP-14, GDS-SF and QOL. Data were collected using self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression.
RESULTS
The participants' mean age was 77.68, and 86.5% were female, 42.9% were living-alone elders. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis found that oral health impact profile was significantly associated with depression (r=-.622, p<.001), QOL (r=-.400, p<.001), number of disease (r=.298, p<.001), age (r=.198, p=.002), education (r=-.149, p=.015), eating habit (r=.185, p=.003). The QOL was explained 54.7% by depression (beta=-.619), oral health impact profile (beta=-.127), number of benefited welfare service (beta=.235), perceived health (beta=-.327), eating habit (beta=-.094) using stepwise multiple regression analysis.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that the intervention program of oral health promotion for community-dwelling elders is needed from now on.

Counseling Elderly People in Long-term Care Service: Hung Sa Lee, Chun Mi Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(2):141-150. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.2.141

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine satisfaction with counseling in long-term care service, and to compare the scores of counseling satisfaction according to variables among beneficiaries of Korean long-term care services.
METHODS
Questionnaires were completed by 445 beneficiaries of long-term care insurance to measure satisfaction with counseling. Research design was cross-sectional descriptive design. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA for evaluating differences in satisfaction with counseling according to variables including economic status, the level of long-term care insurance approval, duration of long term care service, and conditions of counseling.
RESULTS
The score of satisfaction with counseling was somewhat high as 71.67. The score of counselor's attitude was highest among the subcategories of satisfaction. The factors that influenced satisfaction with counseling were frequency and time of counseling (F=12.19, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Home-based individual counseling is necessary for the elderly who need long-term care service. The National Long-term Care Insurance Corporation should offer counseling and assistance to elders and their caregivers about long term care insurance.

Menopausal Symptoms and Depression Among Midlife Women: Hung Sa Lee, Chun Mi Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(4):429-438. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.4.429

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PURPOSE
This study was descriptive survey research to examine the factors affecting menopause, depression and menopausal symptoms, and the relations among these factors in South Korean midlife women.
METHODS
The subjects were 319 midlife women in Daegu City. Measures were Zung's Self-Report Depression Scale (1979) to check depression, and the Midlife Women's Symptom Index developed by Im (2006) to check menopausal symptoms. Data were collected from June 1 to July 31, 2010. Collected data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient through SPSS/WIN 18.0.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant correlation between depression and menopausal symptoms (r=.692, p<.001). The factors affecting depression were age (r=.194, p<.001), income (r=-.307, p<.001), exercise (r=-.602, p<.001), and menopausal status (r=.224, p<.001). The factors affecting menopausal symptoms were exercise (r=-.158, p<.037), menstrual pain (r=-.171, p=.004) and menopausal status (r=.222, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Intervention programs for decreasing menopausal symptoms in midlife women should be focused on relieving menopausal pain and encouraging excise from youth. Further studies will be needed to examine the relations among other factors including living style, area and menopausal symptoms.

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Influence of the Perception of Aging Symptoms as a Mediator and Moderator on the Relationship between Family Function and Stress in Middle-Aged Adults
Hyun-E Yeom, Kyoung Ok Ju
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 175. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Depression in Middle Aged Women: Focused on Quality of life on Menopause
Jung Nam Sohn
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2018; 43(2): 148. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Middle-aged Women's Depression
Hung Sa Lee, Chunmi Kim, Dohyun Lee
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2016; 16(1): 1. CrossRef
Health Status Assessment Tool Development based on Dietary Patterns in Middle-Aged Women
Hye-Jin Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(1): 37. CrossRef
Phenomenological Study on Aging of Women in 40's and 50's: Applying the Parse's Theory
Ju-Eun Hong, Keong-Jin Do, Ru-Mee Ha, Seok-Bun Jeon, Sung-Soun Hur, Eun-Kwang Yoo
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 48. CrossRef
Factors Related to Depression of Married Female Baby Boomers in Busan and Gyeongnam Province by Employment Status
Eunkyung Kim
Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2014; 23(6): 1105. CrossRef

The Comparison of Functional Status and the Level of Health Care Needs in Elderly Koreans in Health Care Institutions: Hyun Sil Kim, Young Mi Jung, Hung Sa Lee, Yoo Hyang Cho, In Young Yoo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(4):386-397. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.4.386

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare functional status and the level of health care needs in elderly Koreans in health care institutions.
METHODS
Data were collected from 2,521 elderly patients admitted in 50 health care institutions (hospitals, oriental hospitals, geriatric hospitals, and health care facilities) selected through proportional stratified sampling in 2008. We used a long-term care (LTC) assessment tool developed by the government, which consists of 52 items with 5 subscales.
RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were detected in functional status and the level of health care needs among the subjects in different health care institutions. Of the sample population in geriatric hospitals, 48.9% were eligible for LTC Category 1, 20.9% for Category 2, and 17.2% for Category 3, and 13.1% of the subjects were not eligible for any of the categories. Of the sample population in health care facilities, 29.9% were eligible for LTC Category 1, 20.5% for Category 2, and 21.8% for Category 3, and 27.0% of the subjects were not eligible for any of the categories.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study indicate the necessity of the development of an evaluation system that helps determine whether a subject is eligible for LTC.

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Comparison of Perceived Health Status, Social Support and Residential Satisfaction in Long-term Care Hospital and Nursing Homes
Dongwon Yun
Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2016; 22(1): 24. CrossRef
Predictive Factors associated with Death of Elderly in Nursing Homes
Kiwol Sung
Asian Nursing Research.2014; 8(2): 143. CrossRef

The Relation between Sex Perception, Sex Life Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly: Chun Mi Kim, Hung Sa Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(3):282-292. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.3.282

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between sex perception, sexual life satisfaction, and life satisfaction of the elderly.
METHODS
The respondents were 227 elders aged over 65. Data were collected from February 10 to December 15, 2007 by interviews and questionnaires.
RESULTS
Of the respondents, 18.8% still had sex life and 25.5% wanted to have a date. The main reason to have a date was to relieve loneliness, and the percentage of those who wanted a date was 58.3. The perception level of sex life was 2.27 (men: 2.51, women: 2.14), the satisfaction level of sex life was 2.74 (men: 2.89, women: 2.64), and the level of life satisfaction was 2.98 (men: 3.10, women: 2.92). There was a positive correlation between the perception level of sex life and the satisfaction level of sex life; a positive correlation between the satisfaction level of sex life and the level of life satisfaction; and no correlation between the perception level of sex life and the level of life satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a base supporting the usefulness of various nursing intervention programs to enhance the quality of life through making elderly people have a positive perception of sex life.

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There Is No Fool Like an Old Fool: The Experiences of Elderlies Regarding Remarriage in Iran
Parvaneh Asgari, Elham Navab, Maryam Esmaeili, Mahboobeh Shali, Yee Bit-Lian, Fatemeh Bahramnezhad
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitude, and Life Satisfaction Among Korean Older Adults: Implications for Educational Programs
Hyojung Park, Sook Jung Kang, Sungwon Park
Sexuality and Disability.2016; 34(4): 455. CrossRef
Sexuality and Sexual Life Experience of Community Dwelling Older Adults
Dae-Sook Kim, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2016; 18(3): 128. CrossRef
Development and psychometric testing of a semantic differential scale of sexual attitude for the older person
Hyojung Park, Sunhwa Shin
Nursing & Health Sciences.2015; 17(4): 526. CrossRef
Sexual Behavior and Awareness on STD in the Elderly
Hyojung Park
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(1): 83. CrossRef

Depression and Quality of Life in Korean Elders: Hung Sa Lee, Hyun Sil Kim, Young Mi Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(1):12-22. Published online March 31, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate factors associated with depression and quality of life (QoL) among the community-dwelling elderly.
METHODS
This study used a descriptive correlational research design. The subjects were 730 elders aged over 65 living in D district of Daegu. Data were collected using questionnaires for 30 days in April, 2007. The research instruments utilized in this study were a physical function scale of long-term care insurance system, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version (GDSSF-K), and Korean Quality of Life Scale (KoQoLs). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan, stepwise multiple regression, and Spearman correlation.
RESULTS
The mean age of the subjects was 72.6, and 68.8% and 57.9% of subjects were, respectively, female and living alone. 12.3% of variance in depression was explained by age, education, economic status, subjective health, alcohol consumption, condition of teeth, and fall experience. 18.2% of variance in QoL was explained by economic status, number of diseases, condition of teeth, incontinence, paralysis, and IADL. Economic status and condition of teeth were contributing factors to depression and QoL of the elderly.
CONCLUSION
Findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of the community-dwelling elderly and developing more regionally specific health promotion strategies.

The Effects of an Exercise Program on Body Composition, Serum lipids, Menopausal Symptoms in Korean Menopausal Women: Hung Sa Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(4):600-610. Published online December 31, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to find the effects of an exercise program on body composition, serum lipids, and menopausal symptoms in Korean menopausal women.
METHODS
This research used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 30 middle-aged women who were divided into two groups, an experimental group (n=16) who participated in the exercise program and a control group (n=14). The exercise program was composed of gymnastic-ball exercises with RPE 12~13 intensity, 50 minutes' duration and three times a week for 12 weeks from April 1 to June 30, 2008. The dependent variables (body composition, serum lipids, menopause symptoms, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction) were measured before and after exercise program.
RESULTS
There were statistically significant difference in weight (F=2.92, p=.049), percent body fat (F=4.22, p=.040), total cholesterol (F=2.63, p=.017) and high density lipoprotein (F=6.74, p=.015) between the two groups. Psychological menopausal symptoms also decreased significantly (F=7.01, p=.014) after the exercise in the experimental group.
CONCLUSIONS
Regular gymnastic-ball exercises are helpful for menopausal women. They have positive effects not only on body composition and serum lipids but also on the decrease of menopausal symptoms. The results of this study suggest that gymnastic-ball exercise programs are effective in health promotion of Korean middle-aged women, and thus it is necessary to develop exercise programs for women.

Health Status and Utilization of Long-term Care Facility in the Urban and Rural Aged: Hung Sa Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(2):260-269. Published online June 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify differences in health status and the utilization of long-term care service between urban and rural aged residents in Korea.
METHODS
Through convenience sampling, 1,405 elders (829 from urban areas and 576 from rural areas) were selected during March 1 to May 31 in 2004. All the subjects agreed to participate and filled out the survey questionnaire after signing the consent form. The instruments utilized in this study were the impairment of physio-sensory function, ADL IADL, cognitive function, and psycho-social function scale. This instrument was developed by modifying the scale developed by Gurland & Wilder (1984). Data was analyzed using the SPSS Win program.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in economic status, duration of living and type of medical insurance between rural and urban elderly(p<.05). Physio-sensory functions (t=4.53, p<.001), ADL (t=3.61, p<.001), IADL (t=2.45, p=.014), cognitive functions (t=-2.63, p=.024) and psycho-social functions (t=3.69, p<.001) were significantly different between the two groups. The utilization of long-term care facility in the urban elderly was significantly higher than that in the rural elderly (chi2=10.14, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Considering these findings, the need for long-term care should be assessed by residence characteristics. Because of different utilization of long term care facility according to the elderly's needs, long-term care services should be considered the residence characteristics.

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